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The Philosopher's View of Passion

by Arnold Geulincx

 

After philosophers noticed that the activities of the mob are directed by passion, they resolved to insist on a contrary conduct of life and tried to act against their own passions. But, in doing so, they became not wiser than the mob, though, in a different, maybe more brilliant, manner, insane. Thus they came to the same state of mind as the mob, although sometimes by a sideways or roundabout route.

Some of these philosophers endeavored to extinguish all of their passions, as did the Cynics and Stoics. That is evidently madness, for we cannot extinguish passion without destroying our whole body.

If there really is something that is permanently certain, it is the certainty that passion cannot be eliminated because it is a constituent of what is good in human conditions. Passions are not bad. Some of them are morally neutral, others are good by nature, and we are obliged to tolerate them.

Just a little wiser are those philosophers who are not prepared to extinguish all passions -- what would be insane, impossible, inadmissible -- but to omit or to suspend all actions which they consider caused by passion. Plato belongs to this group.

In this regard we can discern four strata of philosophers -- namely, first, Cynics and Stoics; second, Platonists; and finally two schools of mortification.

They all are acting against reason. They, therefore, are themselves directed by passion. For, whenever we act, we act deliberately, and our impulse is either reason or any kind of passion.

 

Excerpted from Ethica, by Arnold Geulincx

 



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