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The Two Humanities

by Vicenzo Gioberti

 

One can distinguish two orders of humanities: One of nature and one of grace. Stemming both from one man they grew successively. But the natural order, having lost any moral unity, propagates by generation, while the predestined order propagates by election and maintains the spiritual unity which confers on it its privilege. The former is a material society consisting more of bodies than of souls, lacking as it does the integrity of the ideal principle. The latter is a spiritual society, a council of intelligences that originate in the Idea and that are strictly united within only one body. Both proceed from one Individual and pass successively through the threefold ring of the family, the nation and the assemblage of nations. Both are tending toward a great universality of the future from which both are still far off. Both are progressive and move from the individual unity in order to reach the universal unity. Unity is their beginning and their end. Divided in their march toward the future type, they are imperfect; for one is lacking the unity characteristic of the elected race, the other, embracing only one part of humanity, does not possess all the variety characteristic of the natural race. But when each of them will have completed its course, they will merge again and will complete each other naturally. The natural species will become, still in the order of time, the elected species and the restored primitive unity of our species will be led to its ultimate perfection. At the present moment, the Church through election and spiritual generation represents the human race set up in a superhuman fashion. It can be defined, in this respect, as the reorganization of the human generation divided and reunited by grace by means of the ideal unity.

A History of Philosophy: Volume IX: Modern Philosophy from the French Revolution to Sartre, Camus, and Levi-Strauss, by Frederick Copleston



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