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Democracy's
Danger
by Henry George
To turn a republican government into a despotism
the basest and most brutal, it is not necessary
formally to change its constitution or abandon
popular elections. It was centuries after Caesar
before the absolute master of the Roman world
pretended to rule other than by authority of a
Senate that trembled before him.
But forms are nothing when substance is gone,
and the forms of popular government are those from
which the substance of freedom may most easily go.
Extremes meet, and a government of universal
suffrage and theoretical equality may, under
conditions which impel the change, most readily
become a despotism. For there despotism advances in
the name and with the might of the people. The
single source of power once secured, everything is
secured. There is no unfranchised class to whom
appeal may be made, no privileged orders who in
defending their rights may defend those of all. No
bulwark remains to stay the flood, no eminence to
rise above it. They were belted barons led by a
mitered archbishop who curbed the Plantagenet with
Magna Charta; it was the middle classes who broke
the pride of the Stuarts; but a mere aristocracy of
wealth will never struggle while it can hope to
bribe a tyrant.
And when the disparity of condition increases,
so does universal suffrage make it easy to seize
the source of power. . . . Given a community with
republican institutions, in which one class is too
rich to be shorn of its luxuries, no matter how
public affairs are administered, and another so
poor that a few dollars on election day will seem
more than any abstract consideration; in which the
few roll in wealth and the many seethe with
discontent as a condition of things they know not
how to remedy, and power must pass into the hands
of jobbers who will buy and sell it as the
Praetorians sold the Roman purple, or into the
hands of demagogues who will seize and wield it for
a time, only to be displaced by worse
demagogues.
Excerpted from Progress and
Poverty, by Henry George
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History
of Political Philosophy, by Leo
Strauss
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