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Adventures in Philosophy

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

Introduction & Directory

Political Philosophy Index


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Law and Democracy

by Louis Dembitz Brandeis

 

What are American ideals? They are the development of the individual for his own and the common good; the development through liberty, and the attainment of the common good through democracy and social justice.

Our form of government, as well as humanity, compels us to strive for individual man. Under universal suffrage every voter is a part ruler of the state. Unless the rulers have, in the main, education and character, and are free men, our great experiment in democracy must fail. It devolves upon the state, therefore, to fit its rulers for their tasks.

Democracy must be on its toes. You cannot get democracy by doing nothing, or even by passing laws. It has to come from the people. Law is no substitute for the efforts of the citizen. We make laws for the community. We cannot make the community fit the laws. If we desire respect for the law we must first make the law respectable.

We are particularly at fault in America in making private things public and keeping public things private. There used to be a certain glamour about big things; anything big, simply because it was big, seemed to be good and great. We are now coming to see that big things may be very bad and mean.

Big business is not more efficient than small business. Within certain limits you may get through size a relatively smaller cost unit, but the size of greatest efficiency is reached at a comparatively early stage. With the growth in size comes an increasing cost of organization and administration, which is so much greater than the increase in the volume of business that the law of diminishing returns applies.

The real test of efficiency comes when success has to be struggled for; when natural or legal conditions limit the charges which may be made for the goods sold or the services rendered. Real efficiency in any business in which conditions are ever changing must ultimately depend, in large measure, upon the correctness of the judgment exercised, from day to day, on important problems as they arise.

I believe that the possibilities of human advancement are unlimited. I believe that the resources of productive enterprise are almost untouched, and that the world will see a vastly increased supply of comforts, a tremendous social surplus out of which the great masses will be apportioned a degree of well-being that is now hardly dreamed of.

 

Excerpted from The Brandeis Guide to the Modern World

Louis Brandeis: The People's Justice, by Suzanne Freedman


 
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