In the summer of 1764, Voltaire published a
voluminous work entitled Dictionnaire
Philosophique (A Philosophical Dictionary). He
refused to allow his name to appear as its author
and it contained little philosophical content. Not
so with Mortimer Adler. In the summer of 1995,
Adler published Adler's Philosophical
Dictionary. Not only does his name appear in
the title, but the book is a summary of (or
introduction to) Dr. Adler's philosophical
reflection over the last thirty years. The only
similarity then between Voltaire's and Adler's
Dictionary is that the entries are arranged
alphabetically.
The man Time magazine has called,
"America's philosopher for everyman," and William
F. Buckley, Jr. calls, "Our nation's pedagogue,"
Mortimer Adler is probably best known for his many
best-selling books, his work in liberal education
with Robert M. Hutchins at the University of
Chicago, and his ongoing association with the Great
Books and the Great Ideas of the Western World. In
addition, he is responsible for a prodigious amount
of dialectical work done through his Institute for
Philosophical Research and as Chairman of the Board
of Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. His Idea
of Freedom and The Synopticon: An Index to
the Great Ideas exemplify his dream of a summa
dialectica of Western thought.
Now, in his fifty-eighth book, we find a summa
philosophica - a summation of his doctrinal views
on the 125 entries that range from Absolute and
Relative to World Government. This affords the
reader an opportunity to grasp the extraordinary
compass of Adler's thought.
Readers will immediately notice Adler's penchant
for establishing the precise meanings for the words
of common, everyday speech, and his disdain for the
technical jargon used by contemporary philosophers.
As Dr. Adler points out, "Unfortunately, many of
the words used in everyday speech are used in many
senses, most of them imprecise, wrong, or
inadequate. It becomes necessary to give these
ordinary words the precision they should have when
they are used for philosophical purposes." Here,
you will not find entries on existentialism,
epistemology, phenomenology, reductionism, etc.,
but you will find God, Being, Love, Reality,
Happiness, Citizen, Time, etc.
Following Aristotle's precept, "It is necessary
to call into our council the views of our
predecessors in order that we may profit by
whatever is sound in their views and avoid their
errors," Adler's book is replete with references to
the great authors of the great books. From the
ancients - Plato and Aristotle - to the moderns -
Locke and Mill - to the contemporaries -
Wittgenstein and Hawking, Adler displays his usual
erudition.
If some readers find what appears to be an
important omission in an entry or would like to
further penetrate Adler's thought, he provides us
with two appendices. Appendix I lists his other
works arranged according to subject; Appendix II
alphabetically lists his other books referred to
throughout the dictionary.
Adler has once again provided insights into
theology, ethics, psychology, and aesthetics in a
lucid style, making clear how these oft-used terms
are abused in the philosopher's lexicon. Mortimer
Adler never tires of telling us that philosophy is
everybody's business and that understanding the
Great Ideas is philosophy's business.
At 93 years of age, Mortimer Adler says, "the
older you get the harder you should work and the
younger you will feel." I think he is on to
something. This is Mortimer Adler's latest book -
not his last.
Max Weismann is Co-Founder and Director of the
Center for the Study of Great Ideas in Chicago and
editor of its journal Philosophy is Everybody's
Business.