Nicolas de Malebranche (1638-1715) was
member of the Oratory of Jesus and an
ardent Cartesian. He offers an idealistic
pantheism, maintaining that we know
nothing of the external world directly; we
know external things only as they exist in
idea in the Divine Reason, the ideas of
them being presented to our minds on the
occasion of the corresponding impressions
being made upon our bodies.