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October 21, 2002
Something
to Think About
The Real
Meaning of "Commander-in-Chief"
by Gordon Francis Corbett
The term "commander-in-chief" means that the
president, as head of the executive branch of
government, commands the armed forces. Each armed
force has its own commanders, but the Constitution
grants the president authority superseding that
given to any of them. In Mafia slang, the president
is the capo di tutti capi: "the boss of all
the bosses."
"Commander-in-chief" does not mean that, in time
of war or other national emergency, the president
becomes a dictator. Even when the country is at
war, our president must still obey the
Constitution.
Regardless, some past presidents, such as
Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt, have
usurped powers. These powers were either
Congressional, as in Lincoln's suspension of
habeas corpus, or expressly
unconstitutional, as in Franklin Roosevelt's
imprisoning, without trial, Americans of Japanese
descent during World War II.
The courts and the public have allowed these
crimes. The courts allow them, probably, because
they fear retaliation from the Executive; the
public allow them because they fear losing the war,
and they trust that "their" president will not
abuse his power.
This tendency will not abate soon. Our schools
no longer teach the Constitution's history and
philosophy; so, as the years pass, the percentage
of Americans who understand them decreases. I
graduated from high school in 1961, and mine may
have been the last generation to learn the
Constitution thoroughly.
Even then, the textbook and the teacher taught
that the Constitution's intended purpose of
limiting governmental power had become
passé, and, at least implicitly, had done so
for good reason. I had to learn why the
Constitution's intended role is good from my father
and from author-commentator Dan Smoot.
Therefore, when politicians and pundits talk
about the president's role as "commander-in-chief,"
most of their audiences will think that they
understand their subject, but will not really
know.
We must tell them.
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