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Philosophy (1508-11)

Raphael (1483-1520)
Fresco; Vaticano, Stanza della Segnatura Ceiling, Rome

This painting by Raphael is found on the ceiling of the Stanza Della Segnatura in Rome where it is one of four roundels the others being Theology, Justice, and Poetry. In this depiction Philosophy holds books inscribed "MORALIS" and "NATURALIS" respectively and is seated on the throne of the many-breasted Diana of Ephesus who is twice represented. The putti to her left and right hold scrolls with the words "CAVSARVM" and "COGNITIO".

Raffaello Santi, known as Raphael, or Raphael of Urbino, was born in Urbino on Good Friday 6 April 1483, the son of Magia di Battista di Nicola Ciarla and Giovanni Santi di Pietro, and a leading figure of the High Renaissance. He is thought to have studied under Perugino, and was deeply influenced by the works of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci during a trip to Florence about 1504. By the age of twenty-five, his reputation was such that he was summoned to Rome by Pope Julius II, where he pained the School of Athens fresco about 1509. He spent the rest of his career in Rome, where he enjoyed great success. His fully human portrayals of the Madonna and Holy Family are imbued with a deep religious feeling as he combined Christian ideals with the grace and grandeur of classical antiquity. Raphael died on his 37th birthday. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican, his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.


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Raphael: The Stanza Della Segnatura


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