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Posted on December 1,
2006
Introduction and resources provided by
Leadership
University
The
Ethics of Genetics
As the science of genetics continues to grow,
ethical questions continue to be in the news.
Recently a genetic company claimed that it could
harvest embryonic stem cells without harming the
embryo. And in the recent midterm elections, the
state of Missouri narrowly passed a proposition to
allow state-funded research on embryonic stem
cells.
Touchstone magazine just reported that in
a recent study by the Genetics and Public Policy
Center, 75% of in vitro fertilization facilities
reported using Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis,
a procedure which determines if there are genetic
abnormalities in the embryo before it is implanted
in the womb. Nearly half of these facilities also
let the parents use this procedure to determine the
sex of the child, and whether they would
implant based on the which sex they wanted.
Chillingly, 25% of such facilities let the parents
use the genetic information to choose to implant an
embryo that would be genetically compatible with
children they already had, so that an organ
transplant from the younger child could be
performed later. In many cases, unwanted embryos
were discarded.
All of this new technology raises a host of
ethical and legal questions. For example: How
should parents handle information about genetic
predisposition of their unborn child to a disorder
or disease? What rights and responsibilities do
employers or insurers have with such information?
What are the pros and cons of knowing our own
genetic proclivities? Should genetic engineering be
used for curing diseases? If genetic engineering is
inevitable, who will regulate such research and
practice? Should the lives of human embryos be
destroyed to save or enhance another human life?
Who is responsible for a technologically created
life--the technologist, the egg donor, the DNA
donor? Should genetic information be patented? The
classic LU articles below shed some light on these
important issues.
Classic
Articles
For
the Patient's Good or the Company's Profit?, by C.
Ben Mitchell: "For the patient's good" has been
a governing axiom of moral medicine for centuries.
Many contemporary business arrangements in medicine
threaten this axiom and, thereby, threaten patient
well-being.
Cracking
the Code, by Les Sillars: Mapping the human DNA
sequence is a dream come true for many scientists,
but the possible consequences are giving
bioethicists nightmares. Meanwhile, some observers
think Darwinian assumptions cause researchers to
place too much emphasis on genes.
Human
Genetic Engineering, by Ray Bohlin: Genetic
technology harbors the potential to change the
human species forever. The completed Human Genome
Project has empowered genetic scientists with a
human biological instruction book. Knowing this
complete code will open new horizons for treating
and perhaps curing diseases that have remained
mysteries for millennia. But along with the
commendable and compassionate use of genetic
technology comes the specter of both shadowy
purposes and malevolent aims. The author deals with
specific ethical questions regarding medical
applications of genetic engineering.
Genetic
Testing for Diseases: A Judeo-Christian
Perspective, by Michael Atchison: A variety of
technological advances over the past 3-4 decades
make it possible to acquire a great deal of genetic
information on any given individual. This paper
looks at some of the ethical issues that arise from
this technology and will examine how different
worldviews shape our approach to those issues.
Genetic
Engineering, by Ray Bohlin: Our culture teeters
on the edge of a steep and dangerous precipice. New
technologies will soon allow us to change,
radically and permanently, the world in which we
live. Indeed, we will hold in our hands the
capability of directly and purposefully changing
who we are as human beings. The technology I am
speaking of is genetic engineering. Ethical and
technical questions swirl around discussions of
genetic engineering like the wall clouds of the eye
of a hurricane.... I hope to lend a reassuring
voice with a dose of sober realism.
Untangling
a Ball, by Les Sillars: A six-paragraph primer
on the human genome and the techniques used to
sequence it.
A
Perfect Identifier, by Bob Jones: DNA testing
helps British police fight crime, but will liberty
be another casualty? This article from World
Magazine explores the implications.
Related Articles on
Human Cloning
Biotech
Cannibalism, by C. Ben Mitchell:
Government-approved human cloning may begin any day
now. Already we've seen the cloning of sheep,
monkeys, cows, and pigs--a veritable barnyard of
clones. Ole McDonald, the mythical farmer, is
next.
To
Clone Or Not To Clone, by Hugh Ross: Is cloning
inherently evil or merely a tool? Are there
circumstances in which cloning a human might be
good?
Begetting
and Cloning, by Gilbert Meilaender: The author,
a Protestant theologian, considers the question of
human cloning. He seeks to understand and explain
the issue in a distinctly Christian context. This
task involves looking back to the biblical account
of God's plan for family life.
Can
Humans be Cloned Like Sheep?, by Ray Bohlin: A
scientist trained in cloning techniques looks at
the cloning of Dolly the sheep, examining the value
of cloning in general and humans in particular.
Includes 8 concerns about human cloning from a
Christian perspective.
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